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5.0/5 from 128 Reviews

O3 Prime™

$39.99
SUBSCRIBE TO SAVE 10% OFF

100% Re-Esterified Triglyceride Fish Oil

High potency omega-3s (565mg EPA/DHA per gram)
Re-esterified triglyceride form for superior absorption
Molecularly distilled for purity & sustainably sourced
Supports heart health, brain function, recovery, and body composition
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The Most Underrated Supplement You're Missing

High potency. Ultra purified. Maximum absorption.

Why O3 Prime™?

O3 Prime delivers a leading quality source of bio-available, high potency fish oil in the reesterified triglyceride form. Sustainably sourced from deepwater anchovy and processed using enhanced molecular distillation for optimal purity. High EPA/DHA concentration (565mg per gram of oil), and coated with natural lemon flavoring to enhance taste and prevent unwanted “fish burps”.

Ingredients & Benefits

EPA & DHA → Reduces inflammation, supports heart health, and improves recovery and cognitive function.
High Potency Formula → 565mg EPA/DHA per gram, nearly double many popular fish oils.
Superior Absorption → Re-esterified triglyceride form your body can utilize efficiently.
Ultra-Pure Processing → Molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and contaminants.
Natural Lemon Coating → Improves taste and prevents fish burps.

In short: High-potency omega-3s in the most absorbable form. Clean, pure, and effective.

Science & Quality

O3 Prime uses 100% re-esterified triglyceride fish oil (the most absorbable and stable form available). This form absorbs significantly better than the cheap ethyl ester oils most brands use, while being more resistant to oxidation.

Sustainably sourced from Icelandic deepwater anchovy and processed using enhanced molecular distillation to eliminate contaminants. Meets strict standards set by GOED, CRN, and EPRS with fewer than 0.1 ppm heavy metals and virtually zero dioxins or PCBs. High concentration of 565mg EPA/DHA per gram of oil along with natural lemon flavor to enhance taste and prevent fish burps.

How To Consume

WARNING

Not intended for persons under the age of 18. Consult a physician prior to consumption if you have any existing medical conditions and/or are taking any prescription medications. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Immediately discontinue use and consult a health care professional if you experience any adverse side effects. Do not exceed recommended serving. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Store in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

from 403 reviews
    5.0/5.0

5/5 with 128 reviews

Fish Oil Done Right: Clean, Potent, Absorbable

03Prime-hero-compressed.jpg__PID:d74dca8a-b1b5-4fe2-a56f-55e4a4eef19c

Re-esterified triglyceride form that absorbs better than cheap ethyl ester oils

High EPA/DHA potency (565mg per gram) instead of watered-down formulas requiring 6+ pills daily

Processed using enhanced molecularly distillation to ensure maximum purity

Supports heart health, brain function, recovery and body composition

No fish burps, no rancid taste

Key Ingredients

Re-esterified triglyceride form

High EPA/DHA concentration

Molecularly distilled for purity

No cheap ethyl ester form

No fish burps or rancid taste

Ingredient quantities based on one 03 Prime softgel:

EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)

340mg

Reduces inflammation, supports cardiovascular health, decreases joint pain and muscle soreness, and improves recovery between workouts.

Ellipse 14 (2).png__PID:7ff30ccb-9e81-4261-8eb1-938cde2ab733

DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)

225mg

Enhances cognitive performance, mood and mental clarity. Reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety.

EPA.png__PID:3775b71f-c690-49f4-96c4-bb1c559c6390

Re-esterified Triglyceride Oil

15-30mg

The most bioavailable form of fish oil with superior absorption compared to ethyl esters. More stable, less prone to oxidation, and utilized more efficiently by the body.

DHA (1).png__PID:f0b4255e-6724-4e35-ab9a-bf769721d1dd

Molecular Distillation Processing

See Label For Dosages

Advanced purification process that removes heavy metals, dioxins, and PCBs. Ensures ultra-pure oil that meets the strictest safety standards in the industry.

Molecular Distillation Processing (1).png__PID:e11df0b4-255e-4724-be35-eb9abf769721

Sustainably Sourced Deepwater Anchovy

K1: 250-500mcg 

Small, cold-water, non-predatory fish provide the purest oil with the lowest contaminant levels. Sustainably harvested using Friend of the Sea certified methods.

Anchovy.png__PID:1fc69099-f496-44bb-9c55-9c639062210e

The Gold Standard In Omega-3 Supplementation

The most absorbable form of fish oil. High concentration omega-3s. Ultra-pure processing. No fish burps.

O3Prime_Comparison_Compressed.jpg__PID:fbccb4fa-1f81-474d-8a8a-b1b56fe2256f

VS

fish-oil.png__PID:4af09c8a-4b61-44f1-933e-dfc9021e7ccd

Re-esterified triglyceride form for superior absorption

Cheap ethyl ester form with lower bioavailability

High potency (565mg EPA/DHA per gram)

Weak 200-300mg potency that wastes your money

Molecularly distilled to remove heavy metals and toxins

Minimal or unknown purification

Sustainably sourced from Icelandic anchovy

Questionable sourcing from potentially contaminated fish

Natural lemon coating, no fish burps

Rancid oil that causes fish burps and nausea

Verified Customer Reviews

5.0
Rated 5.0 out of 5 stars
Based on 128 reviews
Total 5 star reviews: 123 Total 4 star reviews: 5 Total 3 star reviews: 0 Total 2 star reviews: 0 Total 1 star reviews: 0
128 reviews
  • Billy P.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    Yesterday
    Seems to be helping the joints

    Noticeable difference in my joints while lifting and during everyday activities like work after taking supplement approximately 3 weeks. Thought it was bs to be honest but it actually seems to work. Thanks

  • Juan K.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    4 weeks ago
    Yum

    Fish powers activate

  • Mark R.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    2 months ago
    Quality Product

    Does all you need it to do.

  • Patrick D.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    3 months ago
    Quality Product

    I trust the quality and science behind this product.

  • ryan h. l.
    Verified Buyer
    Rated 5 out of 5 stars
    3 months ago
    Works great!

    Been taking for a while now! Awesome stuff

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3 Month 100% Satisfaction Guarantee

Your results come first. If you're not satisfied with a RealScience Athletics supplement, we'll refund your purchase with no return required. You can keep the product and we part as friends. Read more here.

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Dosages

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I just eat regular fish rather than supplementing with O3 Prime?

Yes, but in order to get in the optimal dose of 1-2 grams of EPA/DHA, you’d have to consume the equivalent of around 1 serving (roughly 100 grams) of fatty fish every day, which is quite uncommon for most people.

Not only that, but eating high amounts of fish rich in omega 3’s also increases your risk of consuming excessive heavy metals and other environmental toxins.

This makes fish oil supplementation a great option for getting in your daily EPA/DHA requirements without potentially putting your health at risk.

What specific effects will I feel by taking O3 Prime?

Some benefits of O3 Prime can be directly “felt”, while others provide overall long-term benefits that work more “beneath the hood” and won’t be quite as obvious.

Examples of benefits that you may directly feel after a few weeks of supplementation include improvements in mood and well-being, increased mental clarity, reduced muscle soreness and better joint health.

Just how strongly these effects are experienced largely depends on what your EPA/DHA levels were prior to supplementation, as well as individual factors.

Examples of benefits that you won’t necessarily “feel” but may experience symptoms of longer term include improved heart health, body composition, immune function and bone health just to name a few.

Does O3 Prime have any muscle building or fat burning benefits?

While supplementing with fish oil certainly isn’t going to add two inches to your arms or 50 pounds to your bench press overnight, it can help to optimize your results over the long term when used in combination with proper training and diet.

This is because fish oil is research supported to:

Increase activation of the mTOR pathway, a central trigger of protein synthesis. [47-48]
Reduce muscle breakdown by lowering cortisol levels. [49-51]
Improve fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. [52-58]
Decrease muscle soreness for better recovery and performance. [59-60]
Alleviate inflammatory joint pain for improved training longevity. [61]

How do I know that O3 Prime doesn't include any harmful toxins or contaminants?

While it’s impossible to create a fish oil supplement with zero contaminants (since these substances are simply found in the environment and can’t be completely avoided), it is possible to keep the amounts at a fully minimized level that is safe for consumption.

Studies have shown that small, cold-water, non-predatory fish provide the purest source of oil available with the lowest level of contaminants possible. [71-74]

That’s why O3 Prime is sourced from deepwater Icelandic anchovy and is processed using enhanced “molecular distillation” to ensure that you’re getting a fully purified end-product you can trust.

O3 Prime meets the strict standards set by the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3 (GOED), the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN), and the European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standards (EPRS) by providing:

Fewer than 0.1 parts per million of heavy metals.
Fewer than 1.75 parts per trillion of dioxins.
Fewer than 1 part per trillion of dioxin-like PCBs.
Fewer than 0.09 parts per million of total PCBs.

How often should I use O3 Prime and when is the best time to take it?

We recommend 2-4 total grams of O3 Prime per day, ideally split into two dosages taken in the morning and/or afternoon with food.

Although fish oil is not a stimulant, it does increase brain activity and so a slight stimulatory effect may be felt after supplementation.

I’ve heard from a few sources that krill oil is superior to fish oil. Is this true?

The research on this topic is fairly mixed and inconclusive at this point. Some studies have shown slightly higher absorption rates with krill oil, while others have failed to replicate these findings.

Given the huge amount of research that already supports fish oil’s benefits along with the significantly higher price of krill oil, we felt that fish oil was the smarter option for O3 Prime.

Will I experience the “fish burps” with O3 Prime?

Since O3 Prime is delivered in the leading re-esterified triglyceride form (which is less susceptible to rancidification than the commonly sold ethyl ester form) and is provided in softgels coated with natural lemon flavoring, the chances of fish burps are very unlikely as long as you consume it alongside food.

If you do experience this problem, keeping the bottle in the freezer and splitting your dosage up throughout the day should eliminate it.

How big are the softgels?

03 Prime is delivered in medium sized softgels that are lightly coated for easy swallowing.

Does O3 Prime need to be refrigerated?

Although refrigerating O3 Prime will technically extend its shelf life, it shouldn’t be necessary since each bottle provides a 1-2 month supply and is stable at room temperature for up to 2 years.

Are there any side effects I should know about?

Some benefits of O3 Prime can be directly “felt”, while others provide overall long-term benefits that work more “beneath the hood” and won’t be quite as obvious.

Examples of benefits that you may directly feel after a few weeks of supplementation include improvements in mood and well-being, increased mental clarity, reduced muscle soreness and better joint health.

Just how strongly these effects are experienced largely depends on what your EPA/DHA levels were prior to supplementation, as well as individual factors.

Examples of benefits that you won’t necessarily “feel” but may experience symptoms of longer term include improved heart health, body composition, immune function and bone health just to name a few.

Is O3 Prime gluten‑free?

Yes

Is O3 Prime vegetarian?

No

Is O3 Prime vegan?

No

What are your scientific references?

1.The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors.
Goodarz Danaei, Eric L. Ding, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ben Taylor, Jürgen Rehm, Christopher J. L. Murray, and Majid Ezzati. PLoS Med. 2009 Apr; 6(4): e1000058.

2.Global and regional causes of death.
Mathers CD, Boerma T, Ma Fat D. Br Med Bull. 2009;92:7-32.

3.The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease.
Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. N Engl J Med. 1985 May 9;312(19):1205-9

4.Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
He K, Song Y, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Greenland P. Circulation. 2004 Jun 8;109(22):2705-11.

5.Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chowdhury R, Stevens S, Gorman D, Pan A, Warnakula S, Chowdhury S, Ward H, Johnson L, Crowe F, Hu FB, Franco OH. BMJ. 2012 Oct 30;345:e6698.

6.Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review.
Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P, Lau J. Atherosclerosis. 2006 Nov;189(1):19-30. Epub 2006 Mar 10.

7.Effect of fish oil supplementation on serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and LDL subfractions in hypertriglyceridemic adults.
Oelrich B, Dewell A, Gardner CD. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Apr;23(4):350-7.

8.Effect of fish oil versus corn oil supplementation on LDL and HDL subclasses in type 2 diabetic patients.
Petersen M, Pedersen H, Major-Pedersen A, Jensen T, Marckmann P. Diabetes Care. 2002 Oct;25(10):1704-8.

9.Effect of fish oil supplementation on serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and LDL subfractions in hypertriglyceridemic adults.
Oelrich B, Dewell A, Gardner CD. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013 Apr;23(4):350-7.

10.Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eslick GD, Howe PR, Smith C, Priest R, Bensoussan A. Int J Cardiol. 2009 Jul 24;136(1):4-16.

11.Low doses of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oil dose-dependently decrease serum triglyceride concentrations in the presence of plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic men and women.
Ras RT, Demonty I, Zebregs YE, Quadt JF, Olsson J, Trautwein EA. J Nutr. 2014 Oct;144(10):1564-70.

12.n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases.
Calder PC. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6 Suppl):1505S-1519S.

13.The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target.
Miller AH, Raison CL. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Jan;16(1):22-34.

14.Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes: Back to the Future?
William T. Cefalu, Diabetes. 2009 Feb; 58(2): 307–308.

15.Consumption of Fish Oil Providing Amounts of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid That Can Be Obtained from the Diet Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults with Systolic Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis.
Minihane AM, Armah CK, Miles EA, Madden JM, Clark AB, Caslake MJ, Packard CJ, Kofler BM, Lietz G, Curtis PJ, Mathers JC, Williams CM, Calder PC. J Nutr. 2016 Mar;146(3):516-23.

16.Does fish oil lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Morris MC, Sacks F, Rosner B. Circulation.
1993 Aug;88(2):523-33.

17.Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Miller PE, Van Elswyk M, Alexander DD. Am J Hypertens. 2014 Jul;27(7):885-96.

18.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease.
Bazinet RP, Layé S. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 Dec;15(12):771-85.

19.Improved working memory but no effect on striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 after omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
Narendran R, Frankle WG, Mason NS, Muldoon MF, Moghaddam B. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46832.

20.Serum phospholipid docosahexaenonic acid is associated with cognitive functioning during middle adulthood.
Muldoon MF, Ryan CM, Sheu L, Yao JK, Conklin SM, Manuck SB. J Nutr. 2010 Apr;140(4):848-53.

21.Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study.
van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Apr;85(4):1142-7.

22.Fish consumption and cognitive decline with age in a large community study.
Morris MC, Evans DA, Tangney CC, Bienias JL, Wilson RS. Arch Neurol. 2005 Dec;62(12):1849-53. Epub 2005 Oct 10.

23.Cognitive performance among the elderly and dietary fish intake: the Hordaland Health Study.
Nurk E1, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Solvoll K, Vollset SE, Nygård O, Nygaard HA, Engedal K, Tell GS, Smith AD. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1470-8.

24.Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Amminger GP, Schäfer MR, Papageorgiou K, Klier CM, Cotton SM, Harrigan SM, Mackinnon A, McGorry PD, Berger GE. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;67(2):146-54.

25.Longer-term outcome in the prevention of psychotic disorders by the Vienna omega-3 study.
Amminger GP, Schäfer MR, Schlögelhofer M, Klier CM, McGorry PD. Nat Commun. 2015 Aug 11;6:7934.

26.Essential fatty acid deficiency in erythrocyte membranes from chronic schizophrenic patients, and the clinical effects of dietary supplementation.
Peet M, Laugharne JD, Mellor J, Ramchand CN. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996 Aug;55(1-2):71-5.

27.Lowered omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of depressed patients.
Maes M, Christophe A, Delanghe J, Altamura C, Neels H, Meltzer HY. Psychiatry Res. 1999 Mar 22;85(3):275-91.

28.Investigating the inflammatory phenotype of major depression: focus on cytokines and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Dinan T, Siggins L, Scully P, O’Brien S, Ross P, Stanton C. J Psychiatr Res. 2009 Jan;43(4):471-6.

29.Plasma fatty acid composition and depression are associated in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study.
Tiemeier H, van Tuijl HR, Hofman A, Kiliaan AJ, Breteler MM. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jul;78(1):40-6.

30.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety disorders.
Liu JJ, Galfalvy HC, Cooper TB, Oquendo MA, Grunebaum MF, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;74(7):732-8.

31.Depression in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of omega-3 fatty-acid supplementation
da Silva TM, Munhoz RP, Alvarez C, Naliwaiko K, Kiss A, Andreatini R, Ferraz AC. J Affect Disord. 2008 Dec;111(2-3):351-9.

32.Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder.
A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Su KP, Huang SY, Chiu CC, Shen WW. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;13(4):267-71.

33.Short-term supplementation of acute long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may alter depression status and decrease symptomology among young adults with depression: A preliminary randomized and placebo controlled trial.
Ginty AT1, Conklin SM2. Psychiatry Res. 2015 Sep 30;229(1-2):485-9.

34.Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relation with bone and muscle health in adults.
Mangano KM, Sahni S, Kerstetter JE, Kenny AM, Hannan MT. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2013 Sep;11(3):203-12.

35.Fatty acid profile in patients with phenylketonuria and its relationship with bone mineral density.
Lage S, Bueno M, Andrade F, Prieto JA, Delgado C, Legarda M, Sanjurjo P, Aldámiz-Echevarría LJ. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 Dec;33 Suppl 3:S363-71.

36.n−3 Fatty acids are positively associated with peak bone mineral density and bone accrual in healthy men: the NO2 Study.
Magnus Högström, Peter Nordström, and Anna Nordström. Am J Clin Nutr March 2007 vol. 85 no. 3 803-807.

37.Supplemental fish oil decreases urinary excretion of a marker of bone resorption in healthy adults.
Eric E Noreen, Josef Brandauer, Megan H MacNabb. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011; 8(Suppl 1): P14.

38.DHA-enriched fish oil targets B cell lipid microdomains and enhances ex vivo and in vivo B cell function.
Eric A. Gurzell, Heather Teague, Mitchel Harris, Jonathan Clinthorne. April 2013 Journal of Leukocyte Biology vol. 93 no. 4 463-470.

39.Fish oil supplementation augments post-exercise immune function in young males.
Gray P, Gabriel B, Thies F, Gray SR. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Nov;26(8):1265-72.

40.Influence of fish oil supplementation and strength training on some functional aspects of immune cells in healthy elderly women.
de Lourdes Nahhas Rodacki C, Rodacki AL, Coelho I, Pequito D, Krause M, Bonatto S, Naliwaiko K, Fernandes LC. Br J Nutr. 2015 Jul 14;114(1):43-52.

41.Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by skin epidermal enzymes: generation of antiinflammatory and antiproliferative metabolites.
Ziboh VA, Miller CC, Cho Y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):361S-6S.

42.A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis.
Bittiner SB, Tucker WF, Cartwright I, Bleehen SS. Lancet. 1988 Feb 20;1(8582):378-80.

43.A low-fat diet supplemented with dietary fish oil (Max-EPA) results in improvement of psoriasis and in formation of leukotriene B5.
Kragballe K, Fogh K. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69(1):23-8.

44.Circulating omega-3 Fatty acids and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Merle BM, Benlian P, Puche N, Bassols A, Delcourt C, Souied EH; Nutritional AMD Treatment 2 Study Group. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Mar 28;55(3):2010-9.

45.High concentrations of plasma n3 fatty acids are associated with decreased risk for late age-related macular degeneration.
Merle BM, Delyfer MN, Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Malet F, Féart C, Le Goff M, Peuchant E, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Colin J, Barberger-Gateau P, Delcourt C. J Nutr. 2013 Apr;143(4):505-11.

46.Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled
Mozaffarian D, Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Katan MB. Circulation. 2005 Sep 27;112(13):1945-52. Epub 2005 Sep 19.

47.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women.
Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, Mittendorfer B. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011 Sep;121(6):267-78.

48.Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Smith GI, Atherton P, Reeds DN, Mohammed BS, Rankin D, Rennie MJ, Mittendorfer B. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):402-12.

49.The anti-catabolic effects of n-3 fatty acids.
Ross JA, Moses AG, Fearon KC. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999 May;2(3):219-26.

50.Downregulation of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by eicosapentaenoic acid in acute starvation.
Whitehouse AS, Tisdale MJ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 20;285(3):598-602.

51.Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men.
Delarue J, Matzinger O, Binnert C, Schneiter P, Chioléro R, Tappy L. Diabetes Metab. 2003 Jun;29(3):289-95.

52.Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults.
Eric E Noreen, Michael J Sass, Megan L Crowe, Vanessa A Pabon, Josef Brandauer and Lindsay K Averill. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2010 7:31.

53.Combining fish-oil supplements with regular aerobic exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Hill AM, Buckley JD, Murphy KJ, Howe PR. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1267-74.

54.Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content.
Thorsdottir I, Tomasson H, Gunnarsdottir I, Gisladottir E, Kiely M, Parra MD, Bandarra NM, Schaafsma G, Martinéz JA. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Oct;31(10):1560-6. Epub 2007 May 15.

55.Anti-obesity effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Buckley JD, Howe PR. Obes Rev. 2009 Nov;10(6):648-59.

56.Effect of dietary fish oil on body fat mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults.
Couet C, Delarue J, Ritz P, Antoine JM, Lamisse F. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Aug;21(8):637-43.

57.High omega-3 fat intake improves insulin sensitivity and reduces CRP and IL6, but does not affect other endocrine axes in healthy older adults.
Tsitouras PD, Gucciardo F, Salbe AD, Heward C, Harman SM. Horm Metab Res. 2008 Mar;40(3):199-205.

58.Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by omega-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins.
González-Périz A, Horrillo R, Ferré N, Gronert K, Dong B, Morán-Salvador E, Titos E, Martínez-Clemente M, López-Parra M, Arroyo V, Clària J. FASEB J. 2009 Jun;23(6):1946-57.

59.The effects of ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids on perceived pain and external symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in untrained men.
Tartibian B, Maleki BH, Abbasi A. Clin J Sport Med. 2009 Mar;19(2):115-9.

60.Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Postresistance Exercise Muscle Soreness.
Tinsley GM, Gann JJ, Huber SR, Andre TL, La Bounty PM, Bowden RG, Gordon PM, Grandjean PW. J Diet Suppl. 2016 Jul 21:1-12.

61.A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain.
Goldberg RJ, Katz J. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):210-23. Epub 2007 Mar 1.

62.Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States.
Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Yu-Poth S, Huth P, Moriarty K, Fishell V, Hargrove RL, Zhao G, Etherton TD. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):179S-88S.

63.Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases
Simopoulos AP. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006 Nov;60(9):502-7. Epub 2006 Aug 28.

64.Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in response to long-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation from triacylglycerides versus ethyl esters.
Neubronner J, Schuchardt JP, Kressel G, Merkel M, von Schacky C, Hahn A. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;65(2):247-54.

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